John Garfield (ciudad de New York, 4 de marzo1913). En realidad se llamaba Julius Garfinkle, y era hijo de un paupérrimo sastre inmigrante judío. Creció en el bronco Lower East Side, siempre al borde del estigma del arroyo. Fue enviado a una institución para niños desajustados y voceó periódicos en las esquinas peligrosas, al tiempo que, con asiduidad recurrente, se enfrascaba en grescas y trifulcas de vecindario.
Como los mensajeros en las obras de Shakespeare, el destino hace su entrada en escena, esta vez disfrazado de un concurso estatal de debates patrocinado por The New Times. Resulta triunfador, obteniendo una beca que utiliza estudiando con Maria Ouspenskaya, la diminuta actriz rusa. Prosigue su aprendizaje en Eva Le Gallienne’s Civic Repertory Theatre”. Sigue el obligado periodo de vagabundo, atravesando el país de costa a costa en trenes de carga. Trabaja como granjero, y puede ser visto como marino en Footlight parade (1933), ese musical memorable con James Cagney y Ruby Keeler.
De regreso en New York se incorpora al izquierdista Group Theatre, regido por los hermanos Estella y Luther Adler. El Group Theatre (que resultaría ser la crisálida del Actors Studio de Elia Kazan y Lee Strasberg) dominaba la escena, en ambos sentidos, del New York de los años treinta. Sus lacrimosas piezas sentimentales, sin embargo, no resistirían la prueba del tiempo (el único critico). Un pequeño papel en el drama social Golden boy, de Clifford Odets, capta la atención de Hollywood. En 1938, era firmado por Warner Brothers para estelarizar junto a Priscilla Lane four daughters.
Los títulos de sus películas parecen escogidos por él mismo: construyen una metáfora de su destino. Four daughters fue dirigida con sa``biduría sensitiva por Michael Curtiz. Es un boxeador fugitivo en They made me a criminal (1939). Acompaña Ann Sheridan. Al ser dirigida por el genio loco Busby Berkeley esta cinta es una pieza de coleccionista. En Dust be my destiny (1939), otra vez con Priscila Lane, es el derrelicto tratando de olvidar sus orígenes. Castle on the Hudson (1940), “remake” de 20,000 years in Sing Sing: El mocetón en tandem, otra vez, con la versátil Ann Sheridan. Un amargo film proletario fue Saturday’s children (1940), extraído de una pieza de Maxwell Anderson.
East of the river (1940): historia de un ex convicto con ribetes melodramáticos. The sea wolf (1941): angustiosa versión (una de las 8 realizadas) de la novela de Jack London. MGM lo solicita para Tortilla flat (1942), basada en Steinbeck. Aparece en dos deliciosas reviews para tiempos de guerra: Thank you lucky stars (1943) y Hollywood canteen (44). Es un soldado que ha perdido la visión en The pride of the marines (1945). Con la chica del jersey de lana enloquecida por la “lana” del marido, la Lana Turner, incendia la pantalla en El cartero siempre llama dos veces (The postman always call twice; Tay Garnett), versión del endemoniado Thriller de James M. Cain. El chaquetero Joseph Breen ( de la pacata Hays office) intentó suprimir las escenas de alto octanaje entre Garfield y Turner, e incluso, quiso pasteurizar la expresión “ball bearings”, cojinete de bolas conocido en nuestro país como “suspensorio”: artilugio utilizado por atleta y renuentes e irreprochables caballeros en trance de pasa bajo y dintel de la tercera edad. El cronista se pregunta en qué arrebato demencial Jack Nicholson y Jessica Lange pretendieron emular a la pareja original en el explícito “remake” de Bob Rafelson”.
Encarna (1946) a un talentoso violinista sin tejado en De amor también se muere (Humoresque; Jean Negulesco). Frase memorable de Joan Crawford: Bad manners, the infalible sign of genius. Forma su propia productora y realiza Carne y espíritu (Body and soul, 47, Robert Rossen), quizás su mejor cinta: un corajudo exposé del mundo del boxeo. Aparece como un soldado judío en La barrera invisible (Gentle-man’s agreement; 47; Elia Kazan), honesto alegato antirracista. Luego otro gran trabajo: Force of evil (1948), film noir de Abraham Polonsky. Colabora con John Huston en We were strangers (49), tensa historia de revolucionarios cubanos donde Jennifer Jones lleva un nombre que no tiene desperdicio: China Valdés. Under my skin (1950), basada en My old man, relato hípico típico de Hemingway.
En (1944) la WB realizó Tener y no tener (To have and have not), dirigida por Howard Hawks, interpretada por Humphrey Bogart y Lauren Bacall, y con William Faulkner metiendo la mano en los diálogos, el resultado maestro tenía muy poco que ver con la novela de Hemingway. Garfield retorna a WB para refilmar Tener y no tener, apegándose esta vez al texto. Resultado: una rareza llamada El último recurso (The breaking point; 50; Michael Curtiz), decididamente el mejor film con soporte en cualquier texto de Hemingway. La actuación de JG no cobija una sola nota falsa (“A man alone ain’t got one chance”: un hombre solo no tendrá ningún chance).
Su “persona” cinematográfica era un trasunto de su más íntimo y resguardado “yo”: el joven arisco y peleón, tozudo rebelde que desesperadamente intenta abrirse su propio camino —su virilidad juvenil y la capacidad de proyectar un interior espiritual y torturado, oculto tras una fachada de agresividad y aspereza, resultó atrayente para los “moviegoers!— JG probó sobradamente ser un intérprete confiable y sensitivo. A comienzos de los (1950) su carrera se interrumpe abruptamente como resultado de la investigación conducida por la House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), martillo de comunistas. En realidad Garfield no estaba siendo acusado de nada en particular, pero resultaba sospechoso de sostener simpatías e inclinaciones izquierdistas. Rehusó “dar nombres” delatando a sus amigos de ser proclives al comunismo o ser “fellow travelers”, deviniendo así en un “unfriendly witness”, piadoso eufemismo para “enemigo”.
Garfield viene después del Henry Fonda de You only live once (1937; Fritz Lang), pero antecede al Brando de Nido de ratas (On the waterfront; 1954; Elia Kazan). No poseyó el nimbo romántico de Montgomery Clift, ni estuvo galvanizado por la neurosis adolescente de James Dean, ni fue un poeta de lo concreto como Brando: JG es, no obstante, uno de los ángeles caídos del firmamento de tafetán de Hollywood, junto con Monty, Jean Seberg, Louise Brooks y Bobby Driscoll, el Rimbaud del cine. Su ascenso desde los andurriales de New York puede interpretarse como un signo del “Sueño americano”. Aquel rostro de boxeador aturdido y aquella manera tan suya de verbalizar, se volvieron familiares en los años declinantes de la tendencia de rudos melodramas sociales de la WB, asociándolo el inconsciente colectivo con nombres tan solventes como Ann Sheridan y Pat O’Brien.
Se le hace cada vez más difícil conseguir trabajo. Las puertas que antes se abrieran obsequiosas y acogedoras, hoy se cierran apresuradas no dando los ojos. Su comportamiento, para alarma de sus amigos, se torna errático, explosivo, casi suicida. Él nunca dejó de ser un muchacho barriotero con el primitivo sentido del honor del muchacho barriotero.
Torpemente lo colocaron en la lista negra. Al final se quebró como un vaso de porcelana. Murió en (1952) de un ataque al corazón. No cumplía aún los cuarenta años.
FUENTE http://www.laprensa.com.ni/archivo/2005 ... 22-02.html
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Four Daughters | 1938 | |
| Priscilla Lane (as Ann Lemp), Rosemary Lane (as Kay Lemp), Lola Lane (as Thea Lemp), Gale Page (as Emma Lemp), Claude Rains (as Adam Lemp), Jeffrey Lynn (as Felix Deitz), John Garfield (as Mickey Borden), Dick Foran (as Ernest Talbot), Frank McHugh (as Ben Crowley), May Robson (as Aunt Etta), Vera Lewis (as Mrs. Ridgefield), Donald Kerr (as Earl), Tom Dugan (as Jake), Eddie Acuff (as Sam), Joe Cunningham (as Waiter), Wilfred Lucas (as Doctor) DIRECTOR michael curtiz imdb lTCMtrailer | |||
| Musician Adam Lemp and his four equally musical daughters, Emma, Ann, Kay, and Thea, live happily together. Each daughter has an upstanding young man for whom she cares. However, the arrival of a cynical, slovenly young composer named Mickey Borden turns the household upside-down, and romantic and tragic complications ensue. | |||
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They Made Me a Criminal | Me convirtieron en un criminal | 1939 |
| John Garfield (as Johnnie Bradfield, aka Jack Dorney), The Dead End Kids (as Tommy's Gang), Claude Rains (as Det. Monty Phelan), Ann Sheridan (as Goldie West), May Robson (as Grandma Rafferty), Gloria Dickson (as Peggy), Billy Halop (as Tommy), Bobby Jordan (as Angel), Leo Gorcey (as Spit), Huntz Hall (as Dippy), Gabriel Dell (as T.B.), Bernard Punsly (as Milt (as Bernard Punsley)), Robert Gleckler (as Doc Ward (Johnnie's manager)), John Ridgely (as Charles 'Charlie' Magee (reporter)), Barbara Pepper (as Budgie Massey) DIRECTOR Busby Berkeley imdblCulturalialTCMtrailerlDXC | |||
| Un boxeador es injustamente acusado de un asesinato. La situación le lleva a instalarse en una granja para delincuentes juveniles, donde intenta pasar desapercibido. | |||
 Me convirtieron en un criminal (Busby Berkeley, 1939) SATRip. Esp. by nordlingen.avi  | |||
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Blackwell's Island | 1939 | |
| John Garfield (as Tim Raydon), Rosemary Lane (as Mary 'Sunny' Walsh), Dick Purcell (as Terry Walsh), Victor Jory (as Commissioner Thomas MacNair), Stanley Fields (as 'Bull' Bransom), Morgan Conway (as Steve Cardigan), Granville Bates (as Prison Warden Stuart 'Stu' Granger), Anthony Averill (as Brower, a Henchman), Peggy Shannon (as Pearl Murray), Charley Foy (as Benny Farmer (as Charles Foy)), Norman Willis (as Mike Garth, a Henchman), Joe Cunningham (as Ben Rawden), Wade Boteler (as Captain Pedersen), William B. Davidson (as Defense Attorney Hempel (as William Davidson)) DIRECTOR William C. McGann imdb | |||
| In a fictional version of true events at the New York prison of Blackwell's Island in 1934, reporter Tim Haydon breaks up a crime organization run by racketeer Bull Bransom from within the prison. | |||
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Juarez | 1939 | |
| Paul Muni (as Benito Juarez), Bette Davis (as Empress Carlotta von Hapsburg), Brian Aherne (as Emperor Maximilian von Hapsburg), Claude Rains (as Emperor Louis Napoleon III), John Garfield (as Gen. Porfirio Diaz), Donald Crisp (as Gen. Marechal Achille Bazaine), Joseph Calleia (as Alejandro Uradi), Gale Sondergaard (as Empress Eugenie), Gilbert Roland (as Col. Miguel Lopez), Henry O'Neill (as Gen. Miguel Miramon), Harry Davenport (as Dr. Samuel Basch), Louis Calhern (as LeMarc), Walter Kingsford (as Prince Richard Metternich), Georgia Caine (as Countess Battenberg), Montagu Love (as Jose de Montares) DIRECTOR William Dieterle imdblTCMtrailer | |||
| The newly named emperor Maximilian and his wife Carolotta arrive in Mexico to face popular sentiment favoring Benito Juraez and democracy. He tries to appease the Mexicans but fails. Abraham Lincoln is supporting Juarez and asks the French to withdraw support for Maximilian. Carlotta goes to France to plead with Napoleon, to no avail. | |||
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Daughters Courageous | 1939 | |
| John Garfield (as Gabriel Lopez), Claude Rains (as Jim Masters), Jeffrey Lynn (as John S. 'Johnny' Heming), Fay Bainter (as Nancy 'Nan' Masters), Donald Crisp (as Samuel 'Sam' Sloane), May Robson (as Penny, the Housekeeper), Frank McHugh (as George), Dick Foran (as Eddie Moore), Priscilla Lane (as Buff Masters), Rosemary Lane (as Tinka Masters), Lola Lane (as Linda Masters), Gale Page (as Cora Masters), George Humbert (as Manuel Lopez), Berton Churchill (as Judge Henry Hornsby) DIRECTOR michael curtiz imdb | |||
| Nan Masters, a single mother living with her four marriageable daughters, plans to marry Sam Sloane, businessman. Out of the blue her 1st husband Jim returns after deserting the family 20 years earlier. The worldly wanderer Jim gets a cool family reception at first but his warm personality gradually wins the affections of his four daughters. In fact, youngest daughter Buff, who has her eye on a maverick of her own in Gabriel Lopez, is pleased when Jim grants his stamp of approval on her relationship. Buff plans to elope with Gabriel on her mother's wedding day, but 'unpredictable' is Gabriel's middle name. | |||
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Dust Be My Destiny | 1939 | |
| John Garfield (as Joe Bell), Priscilla Lane (as Mabel Alden), Alan Hale (as Michael 'Mike' Leonard), Frank McHugh (as Caruthers), Billy Halop (as Hank Glenn), Bobby Jordan (as Jimmy Glenn), Charley Grapewin (as Pop, a Brakeman), Henry Armetta (as Nick Spelucci), Stanley Ridges (as Charles 'Charlie' Garreth), John Litel (as Prosecutor), Moroni Olsen (as Slim Jones, Joe's Defense Attorney), Victor Kilian (as Doc Saunders), Frank Jaquet (as Ab Connors), Ferike Boros (as Delicatessen Proprietress), Marc Lawrence (as Venetti) DIRECTOR Lewis Seiler imdblTCMtrailer | |||
| Embittered after serving time for a burglary he did not commit, Joe Bell is soon back in jail, on a prison farm. His love for the foreman's daughter leads to a fight between them, leading to the older man's death due to a weak heart. Joe and Mabel go on the run as he thinks no-one would believe a nobody like him. | |||
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Four Wives | 1939 | |
| Priscilla Lane (as Ann Lemp Dietz), Rosemary Lane (as Kay Lemp), Lola Lane (as Thea Lemp Crowley), Gale Page (as Emma Lemp Talbot), Claude Rains (as Adam Lemp), Jeffrey Lynn (as Felix Dietz), Eddie Albert (as Dr. Clinton 'Clint' Forrest Jr.), May Robson (as Aunt Etta), Frank McHugh (as Ben Crowley), Dick Foran (as Ernest Talbot), Henry O'Neill (as Dr. Clinton F. Forrest Sr.), John Garfield (as Michael 'Mickey' Borden), Vera Lewis (as Mrs. Ridgefield), John Qualen (as Frank, a Patient), Loia Cheaney (as (scenes deleted)), Robert Warwick (as Mr. Roberts (scenes deleted)), Pat West (as Charlie, Taxi Driver (scenes deleted)), Claude Wisberg (as Western Union Boy (scenes deleted)) DIRECTOR michael curtiz IMDBlTCMtrailer | |||
| In this sequel to Four Daughters, Adam Lemp and his daughters have gone on with life after the death of Mickey Borden. Ann, Mickey's widow, falls in love with Felix Dietz, but on the day of her engagement discovers that she carries Mickey's child. | |||
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Saturday's Children | 1940 | |
| John Garfield (as Rims Rosson), Anne Shirley (as Bobby Halevy), Claude Rains (as Mr. Henry Halevy), Roscoe Karns (as Willie Sands), Lee Patrick (as Florrie Halevy Sands), Dennie Moore (as Gertrude 'Gert' Mills), George Tobias (as Herbert 'Herbie' Smith), Elisabeth Risdon (as Mrs. Myrtle Halevy (as Elizabeth Risdon)), Berton Churchill (as Mr. 'B.N.' Norman, Office Manager) DIRECTOR Vincent Sherman imdb | |||
| Pretty Bobby Halevy loves Rims Rosson, a dreamer and inventor without much going for him. Rims has a scheme of going to Manila to turn hemp into silk and become rich. But when one of her family talks Bobby into tricking Rims into marriage, the real world comes crashing down on the couple. | |||
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Flowing Gold | 1940 | |
| John Garfield (as John Alexander/Johnny Blake), Frances Farmer (as Linda Chalmers), Pat O'Brien (as Ian 'Hap' O'Connor), Raymond Walburn (as Ellery Q. 'Wildcat' Chalmers), Cliff Edwards (as 'Hot Rocks' Harris), Tom Kennedy (as Petunia), Granville Bates (as Charles Hammond aka Shylock), Jody Gilbert (as Tillie aka Mrs. Harris), Edward Pawley (as Collins), Frank Mayo (as Mike Brannigan), William Marshall (as Joe), Sol Gorss (as Luke), Virginia Sale (as Nurse), John Alexander (as Sheriff) DIRECTOR Alfred E. Green imdb | |||
| Johnny Blake, dodging the law on a false murder charge, gets work in the oil fields. His boss and friend Hap O'Connor turns on him when Johnny and Hap's girlfriend Linda fall in love. An oil well fire becomes the catalyst for their relationships. | |||
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East of the River | 1940 | |
| John Garfield (as Joseph Enrico 'Joe' Lorenzo), Brenda Marshall (as Laurie Romayne), Marjorie Rambeau (as Mama Teresa Lorenzo), George Tobias (as Tony Scaduto), William Lundigan (as Nicholas Antonio 'Nick' Lorenzo), Moroni Olsen (as Judge R.D. Davis), Douglas Fowley (as Cy Turner), Jack La Rue (as Frank 'Frisco' Scarfi (as Jack LaRue)), Jack Carr (as 'No Neck' Griswold), Paul Guilfoyle (as Balmy), Russell Hicks (as Warden), Charley Foy (as Customer (as Charles Foy)), Ralph Volkie (as Smith, Turner's Henchman), Jimmy O'Gatty (as Turner's Henchman), Robert Homans (as Patrolman Shanahan) DIRECTOR Alfred E. Green imdblTCMtrailer | |||
| Troubled youths Joe and Nick Lorenzo grow into very different men: Joe a small-time hoodlum and Nick an honored college graduate. When Nick falls for Joe's girl Laurie, trouble erupts between the two men and also with the gang that has it in for Joe. | |||
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Castle on the Hudson | 1940 | |
| John Garfield (as Tommy Gordon), Ann Sheridan (as Kay Manners), Pat O'Brien (as Warden Walter Long), Burgess Meredith (as Steve Rockford), Henry O'Neill (as District Attorney), Jerome Cowan (as Ed Crowley), Guinn 'Big Boy' Williams (as Mike Cagle), John Litel (as Prison Chaplain), Margot Stevenson (as Ann Rockford), Willard Robertson (as Detective Ragan), Edward Pawley (as Black Jack 'Blackie'), Billy Wayne (as Pete, Gangster Arranging Passage), Nedda Harrigan (as Mrs. Long), Wade Boteler (as 'Mac', the Principal Keeper), Barbara Pepper (as Goldie) DIRECTOR Anatole Litvak imdb | |||
| Mobster Tommy Gordon isn't worried about being sentenced to Sing Sing prison because his political pals have promised him a quick parole. A troublesome prisoner, he finally concedes that his friends have deserted him, and he makes an effort to reform. When his girlfriend Kay is injured in an accident, Warden Long gives Tommy a pass to go see her. But trouble erupts when Tommy encounters the man responsible for his imprisonment. | |||
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Out of the Fog | 1941 | |
| John Garfield (as Harold Goff), Ida Lupino (as Stella Goodwin), Thomas Mitchell (as Jonah Goodwin), Eddie Albert (as George Watkins), George Tobias (as Igor Propotkin), John Qualen (as Olaf Johnson), Aline MacMahon (as Florence Goodwin), Jerome Cowan (as Assistant District Attorney), Odette Myrtil (as Caroline Pomponette), Leo Gorcey (as Eddie), Robert Homans (as Officer 'Mac' Magruder), Bernard Gorcey (as Sam Pepper), Paul Harvey (as Judge Francis Moriarty), Danny Jackson (as Boy (scenes deleted)), Edward Keane (as (scenes deleted)), Ben Welden (as Boss (scenes deleted)), Dave Willock (as Elevator Operator (scenes deleted)) DIRECTOR Anatole Litvak imdblTCMtrailer | |||
| Fishermen Jonah Goodwin and Olaf Johnson are confronted by gangster Harold Goff who tries to extort "boat protection" money out of the two men. Afraid to go to the law, the two men decide to take matters into their own hands after Goff falls in love with Jonah's daughter Stella. | |||
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The Sea Wolf | 1941 | |
| Edward G. Robinson (as 'Wolf' Larsen), Ida Lupino (as Ruth Brewster), John Garfield (as George Leach), Alexander Knox (as Humphrey Van Weyden), Gene Lockhart (as Dr. Louis J. Prescott), Barry Fitzgerald (as Cooky), Stanley Ridges (as Johnson), David Bruce (as Young Sailor), Francis McDonald (as Svenson), Howard Da Silva (as Harrison), Frank Lackteen (as Smoke) DIRECTOR michael curtiz imdblTCMtrailer | |||
| Humphrey van Weyden, a writer, and fugitives Ruth Webster and George Leach have been given refuge aboard the sealer "Ghost," captained by the cruel Wolf Larsen. The crew mutinies against Larsen's many crimes, and though van Weyden, Ruth, and George try to escape Larsen's clutches, they find themselves drawn inexorably back to him as the "Ghost" sails toward disaster. | |||
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Tortilla Flat | la vida es así | 1942 |
| Spencer Tracy (as Pilon), Hedy Lamarr (as Dolores Ramirez), John Garfield (as Daniel Alvarez), Frank Morgan (as The Pirate), Akim Tamiroff (as Pablo), Sheldon Leonard (as Tito Ralph), John Qualen (as Jose Maria Corcoran), Donald Meek (as Paul D. Cummings), Connie Gilchrist (as Mrs. Torrelli), Allen Jenkins (as Portagee Joe), Henry O'Neill (as Father Juan Ramon), Mercedes Ruffino (as Mrs. Marellis), Nina Campana (as Señora Teresina Cortez), Arthur Space (as Mr. Brown), Betty Wells (as Cesca) DIRECTOR Victor Fleming imdblCulturalialTCMtrailer | |||
| Dos pescadores luchan por sobrevivir en la costa de California, aunque su relación es conflictiva. En un golpe de suerte uno de ellos hereda dos casas, y se vuelve más comprensivo hacia su amigo. Sin embargo, lo que realmente enfrenta a los dos hombres es su amor por una bella joven llamada Dolores. | |||
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Dangerously They Live | 1942 | |
| John Garfield (as Dr. Michael 'Mike' Lewis), Nancy Coleman (as Jane Graystone), Raymond Massey (as Dr. Ingersoll), Lee Patrick (as Head Nurse Johnson), Moroni Olsen (as Mr. John Goodwin), Esther Dale (as Dawson, Goodwin's Housekeeper), John Ridgely (as John, Nazi Henchman), Christian Rub (as Mr. Steiner), Frank Reicher (as Jarvis, Goodwin's Butler), Ben Welden (as Eddie, Nazi Henchman), Cliff Clark (as Sheriff John Dill), Roland Drew (as Dr. Murdock), Arthur Aylesworth (as Gate Keeper), John Harmon (as George, Taxi Driver), Matthew Boulton (as Captain Hunter (scenes deleted)) DIRECTOR robert florey imdblTCMtrailer | |||
| Dr. Michael Lewis treats Jane, a mysterious woman claiming to be a British secret agent on the run from German spies. Ultimately convinced, Michael helps Jane escape and with her attempts to convince the authorities of a secret German U-boat fleet waiting off the American coast. | |||
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